We eat with our eyes, and food manufacturers have long known that people are drawn to brightly colored foods. The first artificial food dyes were introduced over 150 years ago. However, recent developments indicate a shift in the industry. Kraft Heinz and General Mills are phasing out artificial dyes in favor of natural coloring in their U.S. products. Additionally, Texas has passed a law requiring food makers to either remove artificial dyes or include warning labels by 2027.
Jamie Alan, an associate professor in the Pharmacology and Toxicology department at Michigan State University’s College of Human Medicine, provides insights into why artificial dyes are used and the concerns surrounding them.
“Dyes make food look more appealing,” says Alan. They are often found in “junk food” like candies and drinks, adding color but not taste or nutritional value.
While most people can safely consume these compounds, there is a small percentage who experience temporary adverse effects. For some children, consumption of food dyes may cause behavioral disorders such as ADHD-like behaviors, including hyperactivity and irritability.
Despite these concerns, Alan advises against panic: “If you’re eating red food dye and you don’t have any problems with red food dye, you can continue to eat it.”
In animal models, there is some evidence linking food dyes to cancer; however, this has not been replicated in humans.
Alan suggests parents monitor their children’s behavior after consuming dyed foods: “If your child becomes very hyper after eating candy… consider a conversation with your pediatrician.” An elimination diet might help determine if sugar or dye is causing behavioral changes.
Many foods with artificial dyes target children. Parents should check labels for ingredients like FD&C Blue No. 1 to avoid them if necessary. Pediatricians and support groups can assist parents in reducing artificial dyes from diets.
Natural alternatives exist for coloring foods without sacrificing vibrancy. Spirulina offers a vibrant blue while beet extract provides vivid reds. Although natural dyes might pose risks for some individuals due to allergies, they are generally safe for most people.
